It is difficult to overstate the influential role computer systems play in our economy and our everyday lives. Advanced operating systems, applications, and software solutions boost innovation across industries while also enhancing efficiency and limiting waste. Technological opportunities vary dramatically, but they are all rooted in the foundations of computer science — an interdisciplinary practice that reveals the deep-seated power and influence of computing systems in our society.
As a broad-based field drawing heavily from math and engineering, computer science offers exciting opportunities to shape future technologies. This industry presents some challenges, including an increasingly rapid pace of change. With this in mind, aspiring leaders in tech can become more adaptable by mastering the fundamentals and by exercising their problem-solving skills in a dynamic learning environment.
This is where computer science degree programs come into play. Providing a deep dive into theoretical concepts — alongside applied learning through simulations and other immersive experiences — computer science programs provide much-needed preparation for the innovative and passionate computer science professionals of tomorrow.
Perhaps you like the idea of studying computer science but are not quite sure if it’s the right fit. To help you ponder this decision, we address: What is computer science, and what does a computer scientist do?
What is Computer Science?
As the study of computation, computer science delves into the theoretical foundations that underscore today’s computing systems as well as the practical applications that drive technological innovation. Incorporating concepts from engineering and mathematics, computer science forms the critical bridge between theory and practice, providing actionable opportunities to develop and implement cutting-edge technologies.
Areas in Computer Science
Computer science’s complexity stems, in part, from its many subdisciplines. These have expanded greatly through the years, reflecting the very expansion of the digital space. Several are explored in detail while pursuing a computer science master’s online, although some niche areas may only feel relevant to students with highly specific career goals. Core concepts and practices worth noting include:
Algorithms and Data Structures
As specific sets of instructions designed to solve problems or accomplish tasks, algorithms form the backbone of both computer science and data science, allowing for efficient data processing and informed decision-making. Data structures provide an organized and efficient means of storing critical information, ensuring rapid access and ease of use.
Programming Languages
Meant to express complex instructions, programming languages make it possible for humans to communicate specific commands to computing systems. These languages can take many forms but typically rely on structural rules known as syntax and semantics that determine what, exactly, key instructions mean. Many programming languages are relevant to computer science students, including C, C++, Java, Python, and SQL.
Software Engineering
Drawing on engineering principles to guide the development of software systems, software engineering calls for a systematic and highly structured approach, along with extensive collaboration with developers or stakeholders to ensure that the newly developed software meets specific organizational needs.
Software engineers may work on the front end to create a user-friendly and visually cohesive user interface (UI) — or on the back end to ensure the proper processing of data. Full-stack software engineering involves end-to-end processes, including strategic integrations between the user interface and server-side operations.
Computer Systems and Architecture
Involving a blend of hardware and software, computer systems rely on central processing units (CPUs), storage devices, and operating systems to drive key computing tasks. Computer architecture describes the design mechanisms that underscore computer systems and allow components such as the CPU or memory to interact with one another.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
As an emerging and important subcategory of computer science, artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses advanced systems that reflect the nuances of human intelligence. Machine learning takes this a step further, mimicking the human process of learning so that computer systems do not need to be explicitly programmed to carry out complex tasks.
Databases and Information Retrieval
Databases provide organized solutions for storing and managing large volumes of data in a highly structured manner. These solutions promote enhanced efficiency in data querying and retrieval. The specific techniques or strategies for accessing data stored within databases may be referred to as information retrieval, which ensures that users can find and leverage the data they need.
Human-Computer Interaction
The interactions between humans (or users) and their devices are intricate and fascinating. This forms the basis for a discipline known as human-computer interaction (HCI), which reveals how people use — and are impacted by — technology while also demonstrating how that technology can be designed and implemented to boost the user’s experience.
Cybersecurity
Although cutting-edge computing systems can unlock many exciting possibilities, they can introduce significant security risks. To safeguard vulnerable information and users, cybersecurity solutions introduce robust encryption and authentication techniques. By implementing a layered approach that integrates proactive monitoring and risk mitigation, organizations can prevent issues such as unauthorized access or malicious attacks.
The Interdisciplinary Nature of CS
As a deeply interdisciplinary field, computer science draws from numerous practices to tackle complex problems across many industries and niches. What’s more, there is extensive interaction between the many subfields or concepts described above. For example, algorithms inform data structures that, in turn, can optimize everything from software development to machine learning. These interdisciplinary elements can make computer science deeply fascinating but also lend greater complexity to this field.
Is Computer Science a Good Major?
Computer science can be an excellent major for curious, analytical, and detail-oriented students who are drawn to advanced technology and eager to make a difference in this rapidly growing field. This may not be the right major for everyone, but its diverse coursework and fascinating opportunities for application certainly appeal to a wide range of technologically-driven students.
Is Computer Science Hard?
Many aspiring students recognize that computer science can provide valuable skill development and unlock numerous career opportunities, but they may still worry: Is computer science hard? There is no singular or straightforward answer, as much depends on natural tech-savviness along with previously acquired technological skills. That being said, those with a genuine passion for advanced technology thrive on the challenge and are eager to embrace complex theories and applications.
The Journey to Becoming a Computer Scientist: Educational Pathways
There are many ways to prepare for an exciting career in computer science, although aspiring computer science professionals benefit most from enrolling in career-driven college programs. These are available at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels, with each type of degree offering distinct advantages. Check out these opportunities to understand how to become a computer scientist:
Undergraduate Degree
Covering a range of computer science skills, bachelor’s programs can provide a strong start for aspiring tech professionals. These programs provide a thorough breakdown of computing essentials but may involve general education as well. For example, prior to delving into upper-level computer science courses, undergraduate students may explore professional writing, public speaking, linear algebra, or statistics.
Undergraduate students typically seek a broad-based understanding of computer science but also have the opportunity to take elective courses related to an approved emphasis. Capstones encourage undergraduate students to synthesize a diverse array of skills and knowledge, while high-impact experiences promote application in real-world settings or scenarios.
Graduate Degree
Moving into higher-level computing concepts — and integrating these with projects that demand critical thinking — graduate opportunities (such as computer science master’s programs) build on foundational skills previously developed through undergraduate coursework. Although technical skill development remains a priority, there may be a greater shift toward specializations, including opportunities to take a deeper dive into artificial intelligence, human-computer interactions, and other advanced technologies.
Computer science students may pursue non-thesis programs (typically referred to as the Master of Computer Science or MCS), although thesis options are also available. Either way, master’s programs typically maintain a career-driven approach, emphasizing the application of advanced theories to solve real-world computing problems.
Doctoral Programs
Extensive research underscores the rapid progression of the computer science field. Researchers committed to advancing this body of knowledge can benefit from entering doctoral programs, which are best known for promoting deep theoretical study. These programs are best suited to students who hope to pursue careers in research or academia, although some graduates may leverage their advanced knowledge to offer powerful insights as consultants or even by working in research and development (R&D) for tech companies.
Diving Deep into Computer Science Master’s Programs
Among the many computer science programs highlighted above, one, in particular, stands out as an excellent opportunity for addressing skill gaps and preparing for a bright future in a rapidly evolving field: the Master of Computer Science (MCS). Although this program helps students develop a broad-based technical skill set, it also encourages them to specialize and take courses that align with their career goals. Key elements of the MCS include:
Core Computer Science Courses
Typically divided into main categories such as theory, systems, and software, foundational computer science courses help students develop a comprehensive understanding of algorithms, data structures, and computer architecture so that they are fully prepared to tackle complex problems across a variety of niches.
Skills Taught in a Computer Science Degree
Credentials matter, but computer science students benefit most from developing a comprehensive skill set. This should encompass a vast range of technical and soft skills, which, ideally, will be integrated to promote innovative problem-solving across diverse domains. We’ll touch on a few of the most crucial skills needed for computer science below.
Technical Skills
Because computer science draws so heavily on engineering and mathematics, students can expect to develop robust technical skills that they can immediately leverage to solve complex problems. Examples include:
- Programming languages – As the building blocks of software development, programming languages play a central role in any MCS program. We have already touched on several of the field’s most relevant programming languages, but computer science students often take a deeper dive into Python, C++, or Java.
- Understanding of theoretical concepts – We have mentioned how computer science strives to bridge theory and practice, but this is not possible until students develop a thorough understanding of core computational models. For this reason, foundational courses delve into Turing machines, which reveal what exactly makes various problems computable.
- Software development tools – Exposing students to a wide range of software development environments (in addition to numerous tools and resources), the MCS introduces tools that professionals will eventually leverage as they move into real-world tech opportunities.
- System design and architecture – Upon graduating from an MCS program, students should understand how computers function at the hardware level. Foundational courses explore models such as Von Neumann architecture, which describes the basics of data processing and shared memory systems.
Soft Skills
While technical skills play a pivotal part in computer science coursework, soft skills are essential. These can determine how computer scientists convey complex information and whether they work effectively with interdisciplinary teams. Strong communication is imperative and should be accompanied by emotional intelligence and empathy. Computer scientists are, by nature, problem-solvers, so critical thinking skills are also crucial. Finally, projects and other immersive learning experiences show MCS students how to work effectively in teams.
Specializations within Computer Science
In addition to developing the fundamental skills described above, MCS students enjoy significant flexibility in course selection, allowing them to prioritize classes that adhere to their specific interests or career intentions. For instance, those who feel drawn to artificial intelligence may opt for courses that explore natural language processing or computer vision, while those hoping to enter the cybersecurity field may prioritize courses that delve into cryptographic algorithms, hash functions, or vulnerability analysis. Other specialized skills covered in a degree program include computer architecture, networking, operating systems, and software systems.
Complementary Studies: What is a Good Minor to Pair with Computer Science?
What degree do you need to be a computer scientist? The answer may, at first glance, seem simple: computer science should expose you to the concepts and skills integral to success in this field. Beyond this, however, you’ll want to choose a major that complements your computer science degree and aligns with your specific goals. For this reason, it is just as important to ponder alternative questions: What jobs can I get with a computer science degree, and where do computer scientists work?
Many computer science students find that the right minor can add valuable context to foundational courses from their major. For example, business or management-oriented minors can help students bridge the gap between technology and strategic decision-making, which is ideal for those who hope to enter fields such as business intelligence (BI).
Advancing with a Master’s in Computer Science: Is a Master’s in Computer Science Worth It?
If you are eager to make your mark in the promising field of computer science, you may wonder, “Is a master’s in computer science worth it?” Simply put, it depends. Your unique goals should drive your decision to enroll in a graduate-level program, and also be informed by your current skill gaps. However, if you hope to advance into senior-level roles in AI, cybersecurity, or software engineering, the Master of Computer Science could be a great fit.
Texas A&M University’s Online Master of Computer Science
Ready to embrace tech-oriented opportunities? Options abound, but you can feel especially supported and inspired by the Master of Computer Science online program at Texas A&M University.
Admission Requirements
Because computer science programs are rigorous, strict admission requirements are implemented to ensure that only sufficiently prepared students are admitted. As such, it is necessary to submit a detailed application, accompanied by documentation that demonstrates the applicant’s eligibility.
With the computer science master’s at Texas A&M, this process relies on the EngineeringCAS System (centralized application service). Be prepared to submit numerous supporting documents, including undergraduate transcripts, resumes, and letters of recommendation.
Benefits of the Program
Once admitted to Texas A&M’s MCS program, you will benefit from exposure to the field’s brightest and most innovative professionals, who promise engaging coursework and provide various opportunities to apply technical skills while thinking critically. Upon graduation, you will be equipped with one of the field’s most valued credentials. This — along with degree-driven adaptability — can set you up for success in your niche of choice.
If you’re ready to take the next step, get in touch today to learn more about Texas A&M’s Online Master of Computer Science.