The computer and information technology industry is growing rapidly. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), almost all occupations in this sector are projected to grow faster than average between 2023 and 2033. Currently leading the industry, information security analyst jobs are growing 33% faster than average, and computer and information research scientist positions are growing 26% faster than average. These impressive levels of growth indicate that computer science graduates can expect abundant career opportunities.
While generalist knowledge in computer science provides a necessary foundation for pursuing any career path in the industry, the demand for specializations in computer science is increasing. As science and technology advance and become increasingly complex, specialized skills and deep knowledge are becoming increasingly necessary for computer science professionals. Selecting a focus while studying to earn a computer science degree can provide you with a variety of professional benefits and advantages.
Why Computer Science Specializations Matter
Also referred to as “computer science concentrations,” computer science specializations matter because they help determine your specific area of expertise across several computer science fields, helping to determine the type of career and position you wish to pursue.
Selecting a computer science specialization offers several benefits, including the following:
Niche Expertise. Through earning a computer science degree, you will gain general knowledge about the subject. However, choosing a concentration will make you an expert in a specific field. This expertise can make you more valuable to potential employers who require specialized knowledge and skills.
Interest-Career Alignment. Choosing a computer science specialization that you find particularly interesting will help align your personal interests with your career path. Having expertise in a computer science niche will increase the chances that you find employment in your preferred area of focus.
More Opportunities. As technology continues to advance, the need for specialized knowledge in various computer science fields increases. With a computer science concentration, you will encounter more career opportunities specifically relevant to your area of expertise.
More Competitive Job Applicant. With a niche focus in computer science, you acquire deep knowledge and extensive skills in a particular area. As a result, your applications and talent will help you stand out from other applicants who are generalists, while qualifying you for more specific jobs.
Popular Career Specializations in Computer Science
The following positions typically require general computer science skills and knowledge, including proficiency in various programming languages, software development, mathematics, and creativity. Computer scientists can gain specialized knowledge in a variety of different computer science focuses to qualify for the following popular computer science career opportunities:
Software Development
Software developers apply computer science principles to create programs that solve real-world problems and meet the needs of businesses and individuals. Software developers design, code, test, implement, support, and maintain software systems and applications for these purposes.
Beyond general software development, software engineers can specialize in various niches, including web or mobile app software development.
Data Science and Data Analytics
Data science and analytics specialists learn to build systems for collecting, organizing, reporting, and visualizing data (data science), in addition to developing systems for extracting information and meaningful value from those data sets (data analytics).
This specialization is highly valuable to businesses and entities across various industries and sectors. Data scientists and analysts help organizations identify and recognize patterns, as well as perform predictive analysis. They help solve problems, identify opportunities, develop and support strategy, and automate and improve processes.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity specialists possess in-depth knowledge and skills in safeguarding computer systems, networks, and data from threats such as cyberattacks, unauthorized access, damage, and theft. They specialize in data, network, and system security, as well as risk management, penetration testing, analysis, and people-facing tasks such as designing security protocols, standards, and staff training.
Cybersecurity experts have opportunities in a wide array of industries, especially those that deal with and store sensitive personal information, such as:
- Government agencies
- Finance and banking
- Retail
- E-commerce
- Healthcare
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Leading the industry, advanced work in AI requires extensive knowledge in mathematics, algorithms, statistics, data science, machine learning, neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Specialized careers in artificial intelligence include:
- AI Engineer
- AI Fintech Developer
- Machine Learning Engineer
- Robotics Engineer
- AI Ethics Specialist
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing encompasses a specialized group of career paths focused on cloud technology. These careers include:
- Cloud Engineer
- Cloud Architect
- Cloud Security Specialist
- Cloud DevOps Engineer
- Cloud Sales Consultant
- Cloud Data Engineer
Game Design and Development
This computer science career path is an excellent option for computer science experts who also possess a creative and artistic side. The position requires specialized knowledge and skill in art, digital design, game testing, interaction design, storytelling, and multiplayer network programming.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
The multidisciplinary field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) studies the way humans interact with computers and technology. Professionals in this field work to collect and assess data to improve systems and interfaces to make computer and technology use more user-friendly, enjoyable, and effective. Positions in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) include:
- UX/UI Designer
- Interaction Designer
- HCI Researcher
Robotics and Embedded Systems
A career in robotics and embedded systems requires specialized knowledge of both hardware and software interfaces, encompassing both the mechanics and control systems of robotic devices. Additional knowledge includes computer-aided design, machine learning, and systems engineering. Careers in robotics and embedded systems include:
- Embedded Software Engineer
- Firmware Engineer
- Embedded System Designer
- Robotics Engineer
- Robotics Researcher
- Aerospace Engineer
- Mechanical Engineer
- Controls Engineer
Emerging and Niche Specializations
For individuals who want to work at the forefront of computer science, these emerging industries have demonstrated rapid growth and will likely offer a bright future.
Quantum Computing
Quantum computing enables computer systems to use the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems beyond the capabilities of average computers. Deeply rooted in physics, this computer science field requires a solid grasp of quantum mechanics and mathematics, in addition to extensive computer science skills. Careers in quantum computing are still largely research-based and include roles in:
- Quantum Information
- Quantum Algorithm Development
- Quantum Machine Learning
- Quantum Software Engineering
- Quantum Hardware Research
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Bioinformatics and computational biology are also multidisciplinary fields, focusing on the intersection of computer science, biochemistry, and statistics. Bioinformatics focuses on the collection, storage, organization, analysis, and interpretation of biological data. At the same time, computational biology is concerned with building models of biological systems based on statistical analysis of the data. Potential bioinformatics and computational biology career paths include:
- Bioinformatics Scientist
- Computational Biologist
- Biostatistician
- Bioinformatician
How to Choose the Right Specialization
After learning the fundamentals of computer science, students will benefit from selecting a specialization in the field. Given a long list of options, this decision can sometimes feel overwhelming. Take a deep breath, and take the time to think systematically and practically about your choices, interests, possible career paths, career demand, and earning potential. Weigh all of these factors to help you choose the best specialization for you, your lifestyle, and your goals.
Educational Pathways and Certifications
A strong educational foundation is key to building a successful career in computer science. This section explores the degree options and professional certifications that can help you develop the skills needed for today’s most in-demand roles.
Undergraduate and Graduate Options
Undergraduate computer science programs are designed to provide students with a broad, foundational knowledge in subjects such as programming languages, software development, computer programming, web development, and computer engineering. Graduate studies typically deepen general expertise while also allowing students to develop their skills in a specific concentration, enabling them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for filling more specialized professional roles in computer science.
Online Courses and Boot Camps
Additionally, students and professionals can sign up for online courses offered through our university or other boot camps provided by various schools. These courses can help keep your knowledge base relevant and current, in addition to providing opportunities to learn individual skills, as they become necessary for your job.
Industry Certifications
The computer science field also offers several specific certifications that provide vetted credentials, opening up additional career opportunities for professionals. Several different entry-level and advanced certifications exist in networking, security, cloud computing, software development, data science, and project management. Researching the job openings and requirements in your desired field can help you determine whether you will need to obtain any of these certifications before applying.
Take the First Step on Your Path to Success in Computer Science
At Texas A&M University, our Online Master of Computer Science program is designed for both students with limited existing knowledge in the field and those already working as IT professionals. The dual program is designed to help students develop and extend their knowledge, enabling them to enter the computer science profession or for experienced professionals to advance their careers by studying a specialized concentration in fields such as AI, machine learning, computer architecture, networking, cybersecurity, operating systems, and software systems.
Whatever your experience and career goals, our Online Master of Computer Science program is designed to help you develop your skills, deepen your knowledge, and set you on the right path to making your professional vision a reality. Request more information and take the first step on your new, exciting career path today.